mautner



(NC Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 1. L. MAUTNER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC CLOCK SYSTEM. No. 271,347. Patented Jan.30, 1883.

FIGJ

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. MAU'TNER.

PNEUMATIC-AND ELEGTRIG CLOCK SYSTEM. No. 271,347. Patented Jan.30, 1883.

FIG. la.

lI/I/I/I WW 6m W N. PEYERS. PlIula-Lllho mpher. Washmglun. n. c.

9 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

. L. MAUTNER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC CLOCK SYSTEM.

No. 271,347. Patented Jan. 30, 883.

25 FIG 2 (N0 Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 4. L. MAUTNER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC CLOCK SYSTEM.

No. 271,347. Patented Jan.80,1883.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 5. L. MAUTNER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC CLOCK SYSTEM.

Patented Jan. 30, 1883.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets--Shee t 6.

L. MAUTNER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC GLOUK SYSTEM. I No. 271,347. Patented Jam-30,1883.

N, PETERS, PholmLllhngraphL'L \Vaslxmgmn. D. c.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 7. L. MAUTNER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC GLOOK SYSTEM.

No. 271,347. Patented Jan.80, 1883.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 8- L. MAUTNER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC CLOCK SYSTEM. No. 271,347. Patented Jan.30, 1883.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 9. L. MAUTN ER.

PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC GLOG K SYSTEM.

No. 271,347. Patented Jan. 30, 1883.

FIG.I0.

N. PETERS. Phnlwlllhngnphcr. Washmglom u. c.

" UNITED STATES PATENT 'QFFICE.

LUDWI-Gr MAUTNFJR, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

' PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC CLOCK SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 271,347, dated January 30, 1883.

Application filed October 16, 1880. (No model.) Patented in Belgium August 17, 1880. No. 52,160, in France September 20, 1880, No. 137,982; in Italy September 20, 1880, XIV. 12,175, and XXIV, .318; in Austria-Hungary September 23, 1880, No. 21,944 and No. 28,901; in Sweden October 16, 1880; in Denmark December 13, 1880, X0. 1,598; in Spain January 1, 1881. No. 1,038, and in Germany August 16, 1881, No. 14,067.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, Dr. LUDWIG MAU'rNEa, Knightot'lliarkhof,ofVienna, in Austria-Hungary, have invented a new and useful mechanism for automatically and isochronously working, regulating, and winding up a series of clocks within a circuit from a standard clock, which 1 have termed Orthochronophor, of which the following is a specification.

The invention consists in the construction 1 and operation of mechanism and combination of mechanisms whereby hydrostatic, pneumatic, and electric power are made to cooperate to produce the following results: first, the automatic winding up of one or more or all of a series of clocks arranged in a circuit by means of hydropneumatic power-that is to say, the maintaining of such clock or clocks in continuous operation automatically; second, to automatically regulateone or more or all of a series of clocks within acircuit at a predetermined time and at any distance from each other by means of hydropneumatic power through the medium of an electric current influencingan electromagnet that serves to set in operation the hydropneumatic mechanism in such a manner that a difference, whether it be a gain or loss 01 time, can never occur; third, to automatically regulate and wind up, through the medium of a standard clock, a series of secondary clocks within a circuit and at any distance from each other and said standard clock, at a predetermined time, by means of hydropneumaticpower and electricity made to actuate suitable mechanism, all as hereinafter described in detail and shown in the accompanying seven sheets of drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents in elevation a general view, partly in section, of my regulating and winding-up mechanisms as combined with the clock-movement. Fig. 1 shows the clockmovement with part of the regulating and winding-up mechanism. Fig. 2 is an elevation, and Fig. 3a plan view, of the mechanism for actuating the winding-up devices. Figs. 4 and 4" are front and side elevations, respectively, of the winding-up mechanism, the latter partly in section. Fig. 4 shows said mechanism in perspective, and Figs. 4 and 4 are like views of the pawls qp thereof. Fig. 4 is a detail view of the devices for maintaining the train of gearing in motion during the winding ofthe clock. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the clockmovement. Figs. 6 and 6 are front and side elevations, and Fig. 7 a plan view, ot'the mechanism for actuating the regulating devices. Figs. 8, 8, and 9 are detail views of part of the regulating devices, and Fig. 16 is a like view of part of the winding-up mechanism. Figs. 10 and 12 represent in elevation, and Fig. 11 by a plan view, the electro-pneumatic relay with the three-wayslide-valve. Figs. 13,

14, and 15 show the regulating and windingup mechanism for secondary clocks in its various positions.

Like letters refer to similar parts wherever such may occur.

The clock-movement, the regulating and winding-up devices, and the mechanism for actuating said. devices are all mounted in a suitable frame, A; and that my invention may be better understood I will first describe the winding-up mechanism, its combination with a standard-clock movement, and its actuating devices, as well as the manner in which said winding is effected, referring more particularly to Figs. 1,1,2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, S, and 16.

1 represents the pendulum, carrying the weight 2; and 3 is the arbor that carries atits upper end a coupling, 4, through which the movements of said arbor are communicated directly to the usual mechanism that actuates the hands, which latter are mounted on top of the column. The arbor 3 carries, also, aregulating wing or hand, 7, below the coupling 4, that moves synchronously with the minutehand. The regulating'wing has one of its extremities enlarged in the form of a sector, and when said wing is in a position to be actuated by the regulating devices, as hereinafter explained, its enlarged end rests upon a roller, 8, that is pivoted to an arm projecting from the main frame A. The enlarged wing end slides upon this roller during the time the regulating devices are in operation, to avoid all lateral pressure upon the minute-arbor, that would otherwise result from the action of said devices. Below said regnlating-wing 7, the shaft carries a cam-faced wheel, 5, upon which ride together the roller 10, pivoted on a pin projecting from the upper enlarged end, 9, of a rod, 12, and a prism, 11, secured to said rod end 9 by the side of the roller.

The rod 12 is provided atits lower end with a projecting abutment or nose, 13, Fig. 2, that serves to disengage the mechanism for actuating the winding-up devices. This mechanism, Figs. 2 and 3, consists of a lever, 14, that carries at its forward soclieted end a bent arm, terminating in a prism, 15, adjustably secured thereto by a set-screw, 3 and in rear of this socketed end the lever carries a weight, 16, suspended from a rod, B. On a shaft, S, turning loosely in its bearings in the standard 3, is rigidly mounted a two-armed escapement-lever, 13, having inwardly-projecting pallets 17 and 17-.- respectively, which govern the movements of the lever 14, and upon said shaft S is also rigidly mounted a lever, 19, the rear or free end of which carries a weight, 22, and at or near its center said lever is provided with a projecting pin, 20.

Upon a standard, S, is pivoted a pawl, 21, whose engaging face or nose lies in the path of the abutment 13 on rod 12. The downward movement of said pawl is limited by-a pin,

.23. Upon the shaft of the lever 14is mounted a weighted lever, 25, the lateral movements of which are limited by the pins 8 3', projecting from the segment S The hub 24 of said lever is provided with a segmental guide-slot, with which engages a pin, 26, projecting from lever 14. Within the air-cylinder is located a bellows-shaped or other compressing device or piston connected with a rod, 37, terminating in or carrying a toothed rack-bar.

The rod 37 is provided with a projection,33, for a purpose presently explained, and also with a stop, 44, to limit its downward movement in the supporting-bracket, within which said rod reciprocates.

The rack-bar meshes with a pinion, 4i, loosely mounted on the shaft 40 of the winding-up drum 0, in proximity to the pinion 41,

and rigidly connected with shaft40is mounted a cam, 45, with which engages a pawl, 42, actuated by aspring, 43, pivoted to the face of the pinion 41, and serves to lock the pinion to the winding-up shaft. e

In order to permit the free unwinding of the cord from the drum 0, the pawl 42 is held out of engagement with the cam 45 by means of a two-armed angular lever, q, pivoted at its angle to the guide-bracket X, and the lateral motion of said lever is limited by a set-screw, 00, Fig. 4, to regulate and insure the engagement of said lever with the pawl. Aconnecting-rod, 39, has one end pivoted to the lever 14, and its-other looped end is loosely connected with the rack or red 37. A pipe, 34, connects the pipe 19, between the cylinder B O, with a piston-cylinder, D. To the upper end of its piston-rod 35 is pivoted a lever, 36, fulcrumed at 7" upon the main frame. The lever 36 carries at its outer or free end a weighted pawl, 1' r (Shown in dotted lines, Figs. 1 and 5, and in full lines in Fig. 4 The pawl r r is in a position to engage the toothed wheel P of the train of gearing, and impart motion to said wheel during the winding up of the clock, in the manner and for purposes hereinafter explained.

The operation of the mechanism just described to automatically wind up a clock (which I prefer to effect every hour) is as follows: The cam-faced wheel 5 on shaft 3 is so arranged that the highest point, (i, of its incline lies underneath the minute-hand and follows its rotation, the movement of both being synchronous. and the relative position of the hand and the point 6 are always coincident, while the arrangement of the roller 10 and prism 11 is such that when the minute-haml indicates the hour the prism will lie upon said point 6 of the cam 5. The gradual ascent, during the rotation of cam 5, of the roller and prism up the incline of the cam slowly raises the rod 12 until its projection 13 comes in contact with the pawl 2t and carries said pawl with it to lift the lever 19, through the medium of its pin 20, and tilt the escapementlever 18 forward to release the prism 15 from pallet 17, and bringing the pallet 17.} into engagement with said prism. This down 'ard movement of the prism and its lever partially tilts the weighted lever 25 from right to left, Figs. 2 and 3, so as to bring it at or near its dead-point, and the moment the prism 11 has passed the point 6 on cam 5 and falls down to the lowest pointof the incline a corresponding downward movement of the rod 12 takes place, thereby disengaging pawl 21 from projection 13,causing a downward movement of lever 19 under the impulse of its weight 22, and a corresponding backward movement of the escapement-lever 18, thereby disengagingthe prism 15 from pallet 17.}, permittingitto movedown between the two pallet-arms. The corresponding movement of lever 14, under the impulse of its weight 16, instantaneously carries the lever 25 toward the left, over its dead'point, and, through the medium of its weight, onto the pin 5. This movement of the lever 25 rotates the three-way valve 30, through the medium of the pin 23 and valve-lever 29, to establish communication between the supply-pipe 111 and a pipe, 32, communicating with fluid-cylinder B, admitting water thereto, that serves to compress the air therein, as well as in the cylinder G, which compressed air serves to raise the rod 37. The upward movement of the latter releases the pawl 42 from the lever q, and through the spring 43 said pawl is thrown into engagement with the nose of the cam to lock the pinion to shaft 40 and wind up the cord carrying the weightW upon drum 0. At the same time compressed air passes from pipe 1) into pige 34, and thence to the piston-casing D, raising its piston, and, through its rod 35 and lever36,throws the pawl r into engagement with the toothed wheel P of the clock-movement, to rotate said wheel while the cord is being wound up, this arrangement being necessary; otherwise the clock would stop during the winding up, this being etTected in a direction opposite to thatofthe train of gearing. The operation of this auxiliary power is more clearly shown in Fig. 4 the arrowot indicating the direction of rotation of the winding-drum, and the arrow a that of the gear-wheel P of the train of gearing. As soon as the winding of the clock commencesthat is to say, as soon as compressed air is delivered from the cylinder B to the cylinder 0 to move the rackbar-a portion of this compressed air passes from pipe 1) into pipe 34 and cylinder D, as above stated, to move the piston-rod upward and the free end of the lever with the pawl r downward. The weighted arm 1' of said pawl, bearing upon the lever, cannotturn on its pivot, and the end of the pawl, being engaged with one of the teeth of the wheel P, will carryit along, the pawl remaining in contact with the tooth first engaged untilit has described agiven arc of a circle which is equal to the distance traveled by the winding-up drum to wind the clock. On the descent ot'the piston-rod,effected as hereinafter explained, the pawl arm 1' will, however, be tilted toward the wheel P, and the pawl will ride freely over the teeth of said wheel. As the clocks are wound up every hour,the distance traveled by the pawl and winding-drum will necessarily be a limited one. Before the cord is fully wound up the projection 38 on rod .37 will engage the loop of the rod 39, carrying said rod upward,and with it the lever 14:, thereby slowly reversing the weighted lever 25 until said lever is about to pass its dead-point, when the clock will be practically wound up, and a slight further upward movement of the rod 39 and lever 14 will carry lever 25 over its dead-point, and said lever will beinstantaneously thrown over on the stop 8 thereby reversing the three-way valve 30, through the medium of pin 27, and the valve-lever 29 cutting ofl' communication between supply-pipe 111 and the connectingpipe 32, and establishing communication between the latter and the waste-pipe 27" to eX- haust the water from cylinder B. This escape of the water will cause the rack-bar37 to move downward into its normal position, determined by the stop 44 coming in contact with a setscrew, or, passing through a hearing at the lower end of the guide X, the upward movement of the rack-bar being limited by setscrew 00 at the upper end of said guide. By means of these set-screws the movements of the rod 37 may be adjusted with nicety. The downward movement of the rack-bar rotates the pinion 4l,with its pawl 42, backward until the pawl-arm 19 comes in contact with the horizontal arm of thelever q,pressingitdownward, and thereby disengaging the pawl from the cam, the vertical arm of said lever going back to its normal position on the point of the set-screw 00, thereby permitting the free unwinding of the cord from the drum 0. The escape of the water from cylinder B, and consequent exhaust of compressed air in cylinders D B,causes the piston to fall back into its normal position and retract the pawl r from the teeth of the wheel P.

It will be readily understood from the above description that the winding up of the standard clock is effected at the expiration of every hour, whether the clock be fast or slow, that this winding up is dependent upon the regulating devices when the clock is slow and independent thereof when said clock is fast.

1. will now proceed to describe the regulating mechanism, referring more particularly to Figs. 1, l, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, and 9. This mechanism consists of an electro-magnet,T, connected by wires 81 and 82, respectively, with the and poles of a battery located at an observatory or other point from which the true time is obtained. Tlte armature-lever 5(l'carries at one end a pivoted pawl, 51, from the sides of which projects a pin, 0, and at its other end it is connected to a retracting-spring, 112. The pawl 51 engages a ratchet-disk, 52, prevented from rotating backward by a weighted pawl, 53, having a laterally-projecting arm, 54.

Upon the ratchet-shaft is mounted an eccentric, 55, upon which rides the lower end of a lever, 56, pivoted at n to an arm projecting from the shaft-support TV. The upper end of this lever carries a prism, 57, with which engages the onter end of the lever 5S, pivoted at n in a standard, b Said lever carries a weight, 80, and a pin, 59, that works in a segmental slot, (30, in the rear horizontal arm of a three-armed lever, Q, the forward horizontal arm, 62, of which terminates in a segment provided with two pins, 63 and 64, that alternately engage with a lever, 65, ot' a three-way valve, 66, interposed in pipes 68 and 69 and the supply-pipe lll, above mentioned. The pipe 68 is connected with the fluid-cylinder E, which latter is connected by pipe 6 with the air-cylinder F. containing a compressible or other piston-likecylinder, 0, above described, the piston-rod 70 of which is connected with the regulating-fork 71 and the tumbling or throwing-out mechanism ij 7: m n, hereinafter more fully described. A rod, 72, is connected at one end with the piston-rod 70, and, extending downward, is pivoted at its lower end to the lever 58. A second rod, 73, hung upon the same pivot with rod 73, extends downward through a guide-bracket, a, and terminates in a rectangular arm, a provided with a bearing for a vertical rod, 74, provided at its lower end with bosses or sleeves b 1), adjust-ably secured thereto by set-screws. The rod 74 passes through a guide-bracket, a and terminates in an enlarged slotted or forked head, h, for the reception of a pin on the free end of a segmental lever, 75. This latter lever is pivoted upon'the standard N at its rear end and carries about midway a spring-pawl,

IIS

4 starters 76,-adapted to engage a laterally-projecting pin or arm, 77, on the weighted pawl L L having the pawl or engaging faces 78 79.

By means of the mechanism just described a standard clock may be regulated by means of electricity from an observatory, or through the medium of a standard clock at the observatory or other point a series of secondary clocks within a circuit may be regulated, and this is effected as follows: If a standard clock is to be regulated from an observatory or other time-indicating station, the wires 81 and 82 are connected with the poles of a battery at said station, from which the time'at meridian is'to he obtained. An operator at said station alternately closes and breaks the circuit twelve times, the first taking place twenty-two seconds before twelve oclock, the others succeeding at intervals of two seconds. At each closing of the circuit the armature-lever is' attracted, and when the current is interrupted the spring 112 retracts the lever, and,through the pawl 51, rotates the ratcliet-wheel 52 one tooth, the pawl 53 preventing its retrograde movement. The ratchet-wheel and eccentric 55 being mounted on the same shaft, the latter is consequently rotated step by step at each closing and breaking of the circuit, thereby gradually swinging the lever 56 on its t'ulcrum. Atthelast interruption ofthe circuit the prism 57 moves from under the lever 58, which is instantaneously carried down by its weight tit), and through the medium of i[S pin 59 in slot 60 ot' lever Qthe rear arm of said lever is carried down with the lever58, and theforward arm thrown upward under the impulse of the weighted arm 61, which moves from pin 8 to pin .9 Fig. 6, and, through the pin Ghengaging lever 65,the three-way valve is instantaneously turned, thereby establishing communication bet-ween the feed pipe 11 l and the pipe 6S,connccted with cylinder E,admittingwater thereto and forcing the air therein into cylinder F to raise the piston, with its rod and the regulating-fork. The downward movement of the lever 5b carries with it the rods 72 and 73, and through red 74; the free arm of the segment-lever 75, to bring the pawl 76, through the impulse of its spring, under the pin 77, as shown in the secondary clock, Fig. 13. The rod is now moved upward by the air compressed in cylinder F through the influx of water in E, and the regulatingtork 71 is carried into position to catch theregulating-wing 7, Figs. 1, l, 5, and 8, bringing it exactly upon a central line, thereby moving the hands to 12, whether the clock be slow or fast, the extent of divergence of the outer extremities of the arms of the fork being regulated so as to catch the wing at any point within three, four, or even five minutes ot'its true position. As soon as the fork 7l ,which is pivoted to the upperend of the piston-rod 70, has nearly reached the limit of its upward movement-the stop-arm 2' comes in contact with thehookedendofa weighted rod,j, and a slight further movement of the fork in that direction tilts the latter backward and outward over the rod, out of the way of the regulating-wing 7, and the catch K, closing onto the arm t, holds the fork 71 in that position, and the rod 70 is thus capable of ai'urther upward movement, and continues so to move until the adjustable collar 7 on the said rod comes in contact with the loop I, Fig. 1, on the upper end of rod 72, to lift the latter, the lever 58, and the rod 73, and through the latterthe rod 74 and segment-lever 75, whose pawl 76, beingin engagement with the pin 77. as above described, lifts the weighted pawl L L also, until the inclined faces 78 79 of its arms come successively in contact with the pin 0 and the arm 54 on the pawls 51 53, respectively, to disengage both the pawls almost simultaneously from the ratchet 52, to enable it to return into its normal position under the action of a spiral spring (not shown in the drawings) of said ratchet. This return movement of the ratchet causes a corresponding movement of the eccentric 55 and lever 56, which moves back to bring its prism 57 in position to support the lever 58. The upward movement of the rod 70 and parts connected therewith continues, and said rod carries with it the hooked and weighted rod j, through the medium of the laterally projecting arm m, until the pawl 76 has reached a point which causes it to slip from under the pin 77, projecting from the lower vertical weighted arm, L of the pawl L, (said pawl having its pivotal point on the lever sufticiently out of line with the pin to effect this,) to bring said lever into its normal position, as shown in Fig. 6. Before the water flowing into cylinder E can reach the cylinder F the pin 59 on lever 58, working in segment 60of the lever Q, will have tilted said lever so far as to bring the weighted lever over its dead-point, and, falling back upon stop .9, reverses the threeay valve 66211171 establishes communication between thewastepipe 69 and the cylinders E F, exhausting the water from the former and causing the pistonrod to return to its normal position. This downward movement of the piston-rod brings the lever 58 upon prism57, moved in position, as above described, and the laterally-projecting weighted arm K of the catch K, coming in contact with the stop-pin n, projecting from the main frame A, disengages the catch from the regulating-fork 71, which is tilted back into its vertical position through the medium of its weighted arm 2', all the parts being thus again automatically brought into position for operation after having been automatically operated through the medium of an electromagnet.

From what has been said above it will be observed that a standard clock may be regulated from an observatory by suitable electric connections, 81 82, between the electro-magnets T and the observatory-battery, and that from this standard clock or direct from the observatory any number ofclocks may be regulated.

Ifa series ofclocks are to be regulated direct from an observatory, the electro-magnets Tof their regulating devices are all placed in the circuit of the observatory-battery through the medium of the wires 81 82. It the series of clocks are to be regulated automatically from a standard clock, then the wires 81 and 82 of their elect-ro'inag-nels T are connected with wires 48 and 49 of the standard clock, the circuit being closed through the medium of the disk 46 on shaft 40 and its pins 1) and the contact-spring47, the contact between the spring and pins occurring at every revolution of said disk or at every hour. In either case it is necessary to have at each secondary clock aircompressing devices, both for regulating and winding up these clocks, or to have all the clocks connected by a net-work of pipes to convey either compressed air or a fluid to compress the air in the compressing devices. To avoid this, I employ electro-pneumatic relays, which may be located at any distance from the standard clock. In locating these relays points are selected in proximity to a series of clocks-for instance, a point in close proximity to several public buildings, each of which may he provided with any number of clocks connected pneumatically with the relay, and the latter electrically with the standard clock, thereby diminishing the expense of laying networks of pipes and the loss of time or power byfriction of the air within the pipes.

It will be further observed that the winding up of each clock may be efl'ected automatically at the expiration of every hour by the appliances hereinbefore described. These appliances as applied to a standard clock may also be dispensed .with at all the secondary clocks by the use of the relays. In its stead a mechanism much simpler in construction maybe employed, whereby the regulating and winding up of a series of secondary clocks may be effected simultaneously at each clock by the operation ofa pistonactuated by compressed air 7 fed thereto from a suitable reservoir by the operation of said relay, as hereinafter described.

I will now proceed to describe the electropneumatic relay, referring more particularly to Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15'. These relays consistot' a couple of electro-magnets, T, and an arm attire-lever, 85, connected at one end to a retracting-spring, 113, and at the other said :lever carries a spring-pawl, 86, that engages with a ratchet,87,and has a laterally-projecting pin, 0. The ratchet is pivoted upon a standard, N that also carries the pivoted and weighted pawl 88, that engages with said ratchet to prevent its retrograde movement.

Upon the ratchet 87 rides a lever, 89, pivoted upon an arm projecting from the standard, N its upper end carrying a prism, 90, which supports the outer end of a lever, 91, that has a pin, 93, working in a segmental slot, 94, formed in therear horizontal arm of a three-armed lever, Q, the forward arm, 96, of which terminates in a segmentthat carries the two stop-pins 97 and 98, which engage the lever 99, a three-way valve, 100, interposed in the feed-pipe 101 102, and the waste-pipe 103. The lever Q is further provided with a third vertical weighted arm that vibrates with said lever from one stop-pin, 8 to the other, a, on the segment 8. Thelever91, which is pivoted upon the same shaft or stud as the lever Q, is

connected with a piston-rod, 92, operating within a cylinder, G, connected through a feedpipe, 106, with a threeway valve, U. This t'eedpipe 106 is also connected with a cylinder, L, within which operates a piston, the rod 107 of which carries at itsupper end a two-armed lever, Y, the laterally-projecting arm 1 coming in contact with a pin, 11 on a pawl, 108, pivoted upon the standard N the nose of said pawl engaging a downwardly-projecting arm on the pawl 88, while the vertically inclined arm of the pawl or lever Y is in a posit-ion to engage the pin 0 on thepawl 86. The three-way valve U is interposed in a waste-pipe, 109, a supply-pipe, 105, connected with a compressedair reservoir, I, and a pipe, 110, connected with the line-pipe that communicates with the secondary clocks. The valve-rod of said valve U is connected with one end of a lever, t, pivoted upon a standard, K, the other end of said lever being connected with a piston-rod, the piston of which operates in a cylinder, H, connected with the teed-pipe 102.

N is a clock case and clock-movement, of any desired or preferred construction, having a forked regulating-wing, a, upon the arbor t, thatcarriesthehands. Misanair-cylinderconnected with the line-pipe 110 and containing a compressible piston, m, to which is attached a forked hearing, it, that is moved up and down with said piston, the cylinder being slotted for the purpose, as shown, Figs. 13,14, and 15.

In the fork of the bearing h lies the pin (1 on the free end of a segmental lever, d, similar or nearly similar in construction and operating like lever of the regulating mechanism, except that lever d is pivoted upon the' axis of the winding-up drum, which also carries a ratchet, c, rigidly connected therewith, that is rotated by a spring-pawl, f, pivoted upon said lever 01, a like pawl, e, preventing the retrograde movement of said ratchet. The lever 01 also carries a spring-pawl, g, adapted to engage the lower end of a sliding regulating or stop pin, 1), arranged to move vertically and engage the regulatingfork a. \Vhen the lever d is in its normal position, Fig. 13, the pin bis supported upon the pawl g; but as the one end of the lever is raised by the piston-bearing h the pawl gradually moves from under the pin until said lever has reached the position shown in Fig. 14, when the regulating-pin will lie in the regulating-fork. A slight further upward movement of the piston causes the pawl to be disengaged from the pin, and the latter drops into the position shown in Fig. 15. The lever end still continues to be raised until the air is exhausted from the cylinder M, as hereinafter described, when it falls back into the position shown in Fig. 13, and the pawl g, through the medium of its spring, is again brought under the regulating-pin.

The automatic winding and regulating of secondary clocks, through the medium of the relays are as follows: At each complete revolution of the disk 46 on shaft 40, Fig. 5, of the standard clock the contact-springs close the circuit with the electro-pneumatic relays through wires 48 49 and 83 84, which, as hereinbefore described, occurs at every hour, and the electro-magnets T attract the armaturelever 85, thereby releasing lever 91 from prism of lever-89 through the medium of the eccentric-ratchet 87. pin 93, tilts the lever Q to establish communication between the feed-pipe 104, connected with the compressed-air reservoir 1 and feedpipe 102, in a manner similar to that oflike devices on the regulating mechanism above described, thus admitting compressed air to the cylinderH. TheinfluxofairtocylinderHraises the piston and its rod, and through the lever t depresses the valve-rod to shift the three-way valve Uand establish communication, through port V, between the feed-pipe 105, connected with the compressed-air reservoir I, the linepipe 110, and pipe 106, connected with cylinder GL, andwhen theseare about to reach the limit of their upward movement the pawls 86 and 88 are disengaged from eccentric-ratchet disk 87 through the medium of the lever Y on pistonrod 107. The ratchet-disk 87, being thus liberated, is rotated backto its normal position by means of a spiral spring, (not shown in the drawings,) and causes the lever 89, carrying prism 90, to again assume a vertical position to receive and support the lever 91. This latter lever at that moment has also reached the limit of its upward movement and tilted the lever Q, back from s to 8, thereby reversing the valve 100. The reversal of the valve interrupts communication between the feed pipe 104 and delivery-pipe 102, and establishes communication between the latter and the escape or waste pipe 103. The air from cylinder H escapes. The piston ot' the latter falls back intoits normal position, thereby raising the valve U to interrupt the communication between the feed-pipe 105, the connecting-pipe 106, and the line-pipe and establish communication, through port a, between the latter two pipes and the waste or escape pipe 109. The air from cylinders G and L of the relays and from cylinder M of the secondary clocks escapes and the parts return to their normal position of rest, which is that illustrated in all the drawings, except the detail views and Figs. 14 and 15.

It will be evident that the mechanism and combination of mechanisms may be greatly varied, so far as their details of construction are concerned, and other devices may be substituted for those chosen to illustrate the inven- The lever 91, through its tion, but which I deem only as equivalents or substitutes.

It will also be seen that the mechanisms described may be set in operation by the breaking of the electric circuitthat is to say, they may be so arranged as to assume their normal positions of rest by the closing of the circuit, in which case the circuit is normally a closed one, instead of an interrupted one.

Having fully described my in veution, what I desire to claim and secure by Letters Patent 1. The electric and hydropneumatic circuits connecting one or more groups of secondary clocks with a standard clock, which consists of one or more groups of such secondary clocks in a corresponding series of pneumatic circuits, each of said circuits connected to and controlled by an electric relay interposed in and the same electric circuit having its initial at the standard clock and its termini at the said relay or relays, as and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination, with the movement and winding-up mechanism of aclock, a winding-pinion, a toothed winding-rod, actuated by air compressed through the medium of a liquid, and mechanism to feed the liquid to the air-compressing devices, of the hand-arbor and devices to actuate the mechanism for feeding the liquid to the air-compressing devices whenever the minutehand indicates the hour, as described.

3. The combination, with the winding-up mechanism of a clock, a windingpinion and rod actuated by air compressed through the medium of a liquid, mechanism to feed the liquid to the air-compressing devices, and mechanism to actuate the feeding devices whenever the minute-hand indicates the hour, of the tripping-rod 39 and levers 14 and 24, actuating a feed-valve to close said valve, as set forth.

4. The combination, with a clock-movement, its winding mechanism, a winding pinion and rod actuated by air compressed through the medium of a liquid, and mechanism to feed the liquid to the air-com pressing devices, of an actuating-pawl operated by the compressed air that operates the winding-up devices to keep the clock'movement in operation during said winding up.

5. The combination, with a clock-movement, its winding drum and pinion, a toothed winding-bar actuated by air compressed through the medium of a liquid, mechanism to feed the liquid to the air-compressing devices, a pawl actuated by the compressed air that operates the winding-up devices, and a toothed wheel, P, on the main arbor of the clock-movement, of a reversing mechanism to stop the feeding of the liquid to the compressing devices, and mechanism to disengage the pawl from the wheel P when the clock is wound up, for the purpose specified.

6. The combination, with thecord-drum and IIO its arbor, a winding-up pinion loosely mounted thereon, and a toothed winding-up bar actuated by air compressed through the medium of aliquid, of mechanism to feed the liquid to the compressing devices at predetermined periods, and mechanism to automatically lock the winding-up pinion to the arbor of the corddrum as soon as the winding-up bar commences its upward movement, as set forth.

' 7. The combination, with the cord-drum and its arbor, a winding-up pinionloosely mounted thereon, a toothed winding-up bar actuated by air compressed through the medium ofa liquid, mechanism to feed the liquid to the compressing devices at predetermined periods to compress the air and wind up the clock, and mechanism to lock the winding-up pinion to the drum-arbor, ofa reversing mechanism to stop the feeding of the liquid, and mechanism to automatically disengage the pinion from the drum-arbor when the clock is wound up, as set forth.

8. The combination, with the cord-drum 0, its arbor 40, the pinion 41, loosely mounted thereon, its spring-pawl 42, and the windingup bar 37, actuating said pinion, of the cam 45 and devices to engage the pawl with the cam to lock' the winding-up pinion to the drumarbor, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. The combination, with the cord-drum 0, its arbor 40, the pinion 41, loosely mounted thereon, its spring-pawl 42, and the windingup bar 37, of the cam 45 and mechanism to disengage the pawl from the cam and the pinion from the drum-arbor, as and for the purpose specified.

10. The combination, with the three-way valve 30, the supply-pipe 111, delivery 32, the cylinders B (1, the winding-up rod 37, the winding-up mechanism of the clock, the pawl 21, andintermediate mechanism for operating the valve through the medium ofthe pawl to admit water to the cylinder B for the purpose described, the rod 12, having stop 13, an enlargement 9, carrying roller 10, and prism 11, of the cam-disk 5 and the hands-arbor, substantially as described, and operating as and lor the purpose set forth.

11. The combination, with the three-way valve 30, the supply-pipe 111, delivery-pipe 32, the cylinders B O, the winding-up rod 37, having stop 38, and the winding-up mechanism of the clock, of the rod 39, and the mechanism for reversing the valveto stopthe. flow of water to the cylinder B and exhaust the water therefrom, for the purpose specified.

12. The combination, with the three-Way alve 30, the supply-pipe 111, the deliverypipe 32, the cylinders B D, the piston and its rod 35, the lever 36, pawl 1', the wheel P of the clock-movement, the winding-up mechanism, the pawl 21, and mechanism for operating the valve through the medium of said pawl to admit water to the cylinder B for the purpose described, the rod 12, having stop 13, and enlargement 9, carrying roller 10, and prism 11,

of the cam-disk 5 and the hands-arbor of the clock, substantially as described, and operating as and for the purpose specified.

13. The combination, with the three-way valve 30, the pipes 111, 27, and 32, the cylinders D B, the piston-rod 35, lever 36, pawl 1'. wheel P, and the winding-up mechanism ofthe clock, of the rod 39 and the mechanism for reversing the valve to stop the flow of water to and exhaust it from the cylinder B, substantially as described, and operating as and for the purpose specified.

14. The combination of the valve 30, having lever 29, and the operating-rod 12, having stop 13, with the pawl 21,lever22,escapement lever 18, and levers 14 and 25, all arranged, constructed, and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.

15. In a clock, the combination, with the clock-movement, its winding-drum, the handsarbor, and the regulating arm thereon, of mechanism to automatically and simultaneous- 1y wind up and regulate the clock by means of air compressed through the medium of a liquid, a valve or valves automatically operated to admit liquid to the air-compressing devices, and mechanism to automatically reverse said "alve or valves to arrest the flow of water to and exhaust it from the air-compressingdevices when the clock is wound up and regulated and automatically return the winding and regulating mechanisms to their normal position, substantially as described.

16.111 a clock, the combination, with the hands-arbor and a regulatingarm thereon, and a regulating fork or pin moving in the path of and arranged to engage said arm, of a pistoncylinder, a liquid-cylinder, a valve, and mechanism to shift said valve to admit a liquid to the liqnid-cyliinler, whereby the air in the latter and in the ])lStOll-0 Ylllltl6I' is compressed to move the regulating fork or pin into engagement with the regulating-arm, as and for the purpose specifii-d.

17. In a clock, the combination, with th hands-arbor and a regulating-arm thereon, and a regulating fork or pin moving in the path or and engaging said arm,of a piston-cylinder, a liquid-cylinder, a valvc,and mechanism to shift said valve to exhaust the liquid from the cylinder, to move the regulating fork or pin out of engagement with the regulating-arm, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

18. In a cock, the combination, with the hands-arbor and a regulating-arm thereon, a regnlatingfork or pin, mechanism to move Sultl fork or pin pneumatically into engagement with said arm, mechanism to trip the fork or pin out of engagement with the arm, and a valve to exhaust the motive tluid, of appliances to throw the regulating fork or pin back into its normal position in the path of the regulating-arm, as and for the purpose specified.

19. In a clock, the combination of the handsarbor and a regulating-arm thereon, a piston and piston-rod carrying a pivoted regulating IIO IIS

fork or lever moving in the path of said arm, means to admit compressed air to the piston or tripping mechanism to throw the regulating devices out of the path of the regulating-arm when the piston has reached or is about to reach the limit of its upward movement, a valve to exhaust the motive power from the piston-cylinder, and mechanism to return the regulating fork or lever into its normal position when the piston has reached or is about to reach the limit of its downward movement, all arranged and operating automatically, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

20. In a clock, the combination, with the hands-arborcarryingaregulating-wing,aregulating-fork moved in the path of said wing by means of air compressed through the medium of a liquid, a valve to admit the compressing medium to the compressing devices, and mechanism to operate said valve, ot'an armaturelever, an electro magnet, and suitable connections with a battery, whereby said devices are set in operation electrically, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

21. Ina clock, the combination, with the hands-arbor carrying a regulating-wing, a regulating-fork moved in the path of said wing by means of air compressed through the medium of a liquid, a valve to admitthe compressing medium to the compressing devices, mechanism to operate said valve, and a tripping mechanism to throw the regulating-fork out of the path of the regulating-wing when said i'ork has reached or is about to reach the limit of its movement in one direction, of an armature'lever, an electro magnet, and suitable connections with a battery, whereby said devices are set in operation electrically, substantially as and for the purpose specified.-

22. In a clock, the combination, with the hands-arbor, its regulating-wing,a regulatingi'ork reciprocating in the path or said wing by means of aircompressed through the medium of a liquid, a valve to admit the compressing medium to or exhaust it from the compressing devices, mechanism tooperate said valve, and tripping mechanisms to throw the regulatingt'orl; into or out of the path of the regulatingwing, of an armature-lever, an electro-magnet, and suitable battery-connections,whereby said devices are set in operation electrically, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

23. The combination, with the regulatingwing 7, the piston-rod 70, and its pivoted fork 71, having bracket ii, of the hooked rod j, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

24. The combination, with the regulatingwing 7, the piston-rod 70, and its pivoted fork 71, having bracket 1', of the hooked rod j and spring-catch Ir, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

25. The combination, with the regulatingwing 7, the piston-rod 70, its pivoted t'ork 71, having bracket 1, and the spring-catch 7c, of the stopn in the path of said spring-catch, for the purpose specified.

26. The combination, with the regulatingwing 7, the piston-rod 70, its stop-arm in, and the pivoted fork 71, having bracket 2', of the weighted and hooked rod j, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

27. The combination, with the feed, delivery, and exhaust pipes, the valve 66, and the lever 58 ofthe valve-shitting mechanism, of the electro-magnet, the armature-lever 50, its spring 112 and pawl 51, the ratchet 52, eccentric 55, and the lever 56, all arranged and operating substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

28. The combination, with the feed, delivery, and exhaust pipes, the valve 66, and the lever 53 of the valve-shitting mechanism, of the rods 72, 73, and 74, the pawl-lever 75, the weighted pawl L U, pawl 53, the armaturelever and its pawl 51, the ratchet 52, eccentric 55, and the lever 56, all arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.

29. Thecombination,with the clock-regulating devices, the piston-rod 70, the cylinders F E, the delivery, feed, and exhaust pipes, the valve 66, and the lever 58 of the valve-shifting mechanism, of the electro-magnet,the armature-lever and its pawl 51, the ratchet 52, pawl 53, eccentric 55, and the lever56, all arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.

30. The combination, with the clock-regulating devices, the piston-rod 70, the cylinders F E, the delivery, feed, and exhaust pipes, the valve 66, and the lever 58 of the valve-shitting mechanism, of the armature-lever 50, its pawl 51, the rods 72, 73', and 74, the levers 75 76, the pawl 53, eccentric 55, and lever 56, all arranged and operating substantially as described, tor the purpose specified.

31. An electro-pneumatic relay interposed between an electric anda pneumatic circuit connecting a series of secondary clocks with a standard clock, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

32. An electro-pneumatic relay interposed in an electric pneumatic circuit, electrically connecting a standard clock and a series of secondary clocks, tor the purpose specified.

The relay, substantially as described, consisting of a valve interposed in the com pressed-air exhaust, feed, and line pipes, an electro-magnet, and an armature-lever operating a shitting mechanism to shift said valve to admit compressed air to theline-pipe, fortning the pneumatic circuit, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

34. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit and provided with winding-up mechanism actuated pneumatically, of anelectro-pneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the feed and line pipes, mechanism to shift said valves to admit the air to the winding-up mechanism of the clocks within the circuit and wind up said clocks simultaneously, and an electro- IIO 'saidvalves to stop the flow of compressed air magnet and armature-lever to set the valvcshifting devices in operation electrically, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

35. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit, andprovided with winding-up mechanisms actuated pneumatically, of an electro-pneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposedin the feed and line pipes, mechanism to shift said valves to cut off the flow of compressed air to the winding-up mechanisms after the winding up is completed, and an electro-magnct and armature-lever to set the shifting devices in operation electrically, substantially as set forth.

36. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit, windingup mechanism, and mechanism for returning the winding-up devices into their normal position, all operated pneumatically, of an electro-pneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the compressed-air exhaust, feed, and line pipes, and mechanism to shift said valves to stop the flow of air to and exhaust it from the winding mechanism to arrest the further winding up and return said mechanisms si multaneouslyinto their normal position, substantially as described.

37. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumaticcircuit,and regulating mechanism for each of said clocks, operated pneumatically, of an electro-pneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the feed and line pipes, mechanism to shift said valves to admit compressed air to said line-pipe, and regulating mechanism to regulate all the clocks Within the circuit simultaneously, an electro-magnet, and an armaturelever'to set the valve-shifting devices in operation electrically, substantially as described.

38. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit, and regulating mechanism for each of said clocks, operated pneumatically, of an electro-pneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the feed and line pipes, mechanism to shift to said line-pipe and to the regulating mechanisms, and to arrest the further winding up, of all the clocks within the circuit simultaneously, an armature-lever and its retractingspring, and an electro-magnetto set the valveshifting mechanism in operation electrically, substantially as set forth.

39. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within apneumaticcircuit, regulating mechanisin,and mechanism to return theregulating devices into their normal positions for each clock, of an electro-pneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the exhaust, feed, and line pipes to stop the flow of compressed air to and exhaust it from the regulating devices and return said devices to their normal position at all the clocks simultaneously, an electro-magnet, an armature-1ever, and a retracting-spring for said lever to set thevalve-shiftingdevices in operation electrically, substantially as set forth.

40. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit, and winding-up and regulating mechanisms for each clock, operated pneumatically, of an electropneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the feed and line pipes to admit compressed air to the winding-up and regulating mechanisms to operate the same simultaneously in all the clocks, mechanism to shift said valves, an electro-magnet, and an armature-lever to set the valve-shifting mechanism in operation electrically, substantially as set forth.

41. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit, and winding-up and regulating mechanism for each clock, operated pneumatically, of an electropneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the feed, line, and exhaust pipes to stop the flow of compressed air to and exhaust it from the winding and regulating devices, to stop the winding and regulating simultaneously at all the clocks within the circuit, mechanism to shift said valves, an electro-magnet,

an armature-lever, and aretracting-spring for said lever to set the valve-shiftii'i-g mechanism in operation electrically, as set forth.

42. The combination, with a standard clock and a series ofsecondary clocks arranged within an electric circuit, and mechanism to wind up and regulate and return the winding-up and regulating mechanisms into their normal positions, operated pneumatically, of an electropneumatic relay consisting of two valves interposed in the feed, line, and exhaust pipes, mechanism to shift said valves to cut off the flow of compressed air to and exhaust it from the regulating and winding mechanism, and return the same into their normal position simultaneously at all the clocks within the circuit, an electro-magnet, an armature-lever, and its retracting-spring to set the valve-shifting mechanism in operation electrically, substantially as set forth.

43. The combination, with a series of clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit, each provided with a regulating and winding-up mechanism, and a standard clock arranged within an electric circuit, of an electro-pneumatic relay, interposed in the said electric and pneumatic circuits, consisting of an electro-magnet, an armature-lever in the electric circuit, the valves 100 and V in the pneumatic circuit, and intermediate mechanisms to operate said armature-lever from the standard clock, and the valves from the armature-lever to automaticallyand simultaneouslywiudupand regulate all the clocks within the pneumatic circuit through the medium ofthe standard clock, as set forth.

44. The combination, with the pneumatically-operated windingup and regulating mechanism of a clock or clocks arranged within a pneumatic circuit, an electro-magnet, an armature-lever, a valve interposed in the feed and delivery pipe, and intermediate mechanism to shift said valve through the medium of the vibrations of said armature-lever, of a secondary valve and shifting mechanism interposed in the delivery and line pipe to admit compressed air to the regulating and windingup mechanism of the clock or clocks within ihecireuit, and to simultaneously operate shifting mechanism of the primary valve to stop the flow of air to the secondary valve, and through the medium of the latter exhaust the air from the line-pipe, asand for the purpose set forth.

45. The combination, with the electromaguet, its armature-lever, the valve 100, and intermediate mechanism to shift said valve, and the pipes 101 and 102, of the cylinder H, its piston and piston-rod 8 the lever t, the valverod and valve V, and the line-pipe 110, all operating substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

46. The combination of the eleetromagnet, its armature-lever, the valve 100, and intermediate mechanism to shift said valve, and the pipes 104, 103, and 102 of the cy linder H, the valve V, and intermediate mechanism to shift said valve, the pipe 106, the cylinders G L, their pistons 92 107, and the mechanism for shifting the valve 100, all operated substantially as and for the'purpose specified.

Steinem 47. The combination, with the valve 100, the electro-magnet and its armature-lever carrying the pawl 86, the retracting-spring 113 for said lever, and the valve 100, having valve-lever 99, of the partially-toothed eccentric disk or cam 87, the pawl 88, prism-lever 89, and the levers 91 and Q, all constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.

48. The combination, with the pipes 101, 103, and 102, the valve 100, the electro magnet, its armature-lever 85, having pawl 80, and spring 113, of the cylinder H, valve V, the intermediate shifting mechanism for shifting said valve, the pipe 106, cylinder G, piston 92, levers 93 and Q, cylinder L, piston 107, terminating in a forked lever, the partiallytoothetl cam 87, pawls SS 108, and the lever 90, all arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.

, L. MAUTNER.

Witnesses:

HENRY PALM, RUDoLF FELINEK. 

